Importance
The management and expansion of airport infrastructure have led to a significant increase in energy consumption. The electricity generation process releases greenhouse gases, which contribute to climate change. Therefore, AOT is committed to being part of the global effort to control the rise in average global temperatures by transitioning from traditional fuel-based energy to clean energy, along with implementing efficient energy management. These efforts aim to mitigate indirect impacts on communities and society, as well as meet the expectations of other stakeholders such as shareholders, investors, and securities analysts who are increasingly interested in sustainability-focused stocks and funds, as well as regulatory bodies involved with international sustainability requirements. In addition, customer groups are becoming more environmentally aware every year.
AOT’s ability to manage climate-related risks and pursue climate-related business opportunities in accordance with international standards will help enhance its corporate image and demonstrate its responsibility in addressing the climate crisis. This, in turn, will attract global investors and partners, contributing to sustainable long-term business growth.
Policy
AOT’s Commitment
Policy, Action Plan, and Related Practices
Airports of Thailand Public Company Limited (AOT) is committed to managing all airports under its responsibility in alignment with sound environmental practices, with the ultimate goal of transforming all six airports into internationally recognized Low-Carbon Airports. The company’s efforts are guided by the framework of the Airport Carbon Accreditation (ACA) program, initiated by the Airports Council International (ACI).
To ensure concrete implementation, AOT has established the Sub-Committee on Sustainable Development and Climate Change under the Board of Directors (Board Oversight) to drive relevant policies and action plans forward. This sub-committee is also tasked with closely monitoring the progress and performance of all departments to ensure alignment with AOT’s environmental policy, including key programs related to climate initiatives, such as climate lobbying activities conducted through contributions to trade associations and policy–focused initiative.
Furthermore, AOT’s environmental management initiatives at all six airports are carried out in accordance with the AOT Corporate Plan for Fiscal Years 2023 – 2027 (Reviewed for FY2025). These efforts fall under the Airport Strategic Positioning framework and the company’s Environmental Policy for Airports, reinforcing a unified and compliant approach to environmental governance – strictly adhering to all applicable laws and regulations.
Recognizing the urgency and importance of energy management and climate change mitigation, Airports of Thailand Public Company Limited (AOT) has established relevant policies, action plans, and operational guidelines, which include the following:
Climate Policy and Trade Association Activities – Airports Council International (ACI)
Airports Council International (ACI) plays a significant role in mitigating the impacts of climate change through its environmental initiative, the Airport Carbon Accreditation (ACA) program. This program encourages airports to reduce CO₂ emissions in order to achieve various levels of carbon accreditation. In addition, ACI promotes long-term capacity building among its members, such as the adoption of clean technologies, the reduction of carbon and greenhouse gas emissions, and the pursuit of new market opportunities.
AOT has formulated and disclosed related policies to support and monitor its environmental performance. This is achieved through internal collaboration among international affairs and environmental management departments, under the Management System for Lobbying Activities and Trade Association Memberships. AOT maintains a firm stance in supporting external organizations and policies that are aligned with the Paris Agreement.
AOT’s scope of support for the ACA program includes the following key actions:
- Supporting airports in reducing carbon emissions as a response to climate change
- Promoting the adoption of clean technologies at airports to reduce pollution
- Setting long-term targets for carbon reduction with consideration of climate change impacts
- Focusing on adaptation and enhancing climate resilience
Should ACI revise its position on climate change in the future, AOT will undertake a review of its support approach to ensure alignment with the updated direction, in line with the Paris Agreement Review and Monitoring Process.
In support of climate change mitigation aligned with the Paris Agreement, Airports of Thailand Public Company Limited (AOT) has engaged in knowledge exchange on airport operations and cultivated strategic relationships with executives from airports in other regions. These efforts have enhanced market and trade opportunities through business alliances and trade associations, while also strengthening AOT’s reputation as a leader in air cargo transportation—particularly in addressing climate change under the Net Zero agenda. Membership in associations focused on climate-related issues also reflects AOT’s role in supporting policies and initiatives to mitigate the impacts of climate change at the international level.
Management Approach
Overall environmental strategy
AOT formulates operational plans related to energy and climate change in alignment with the Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures (TCFD) framework, comprising the following components:
Governance
Climate Governance Structure
Airports of Thailand Public Company Limited (AOT) has established a clearly defined governance structure for energy and climate change management, spanning from the board level down to the operational level, to ensure that the management of these issues is fully integrated into the organization’s policy formulation, strategic planning, and business decision-making processes.
AOT’s Sustainability Development Sub-Committee plays a key role in overseeing, reviewing, and monitoring progress on energy and climate change operations, as well as considering key policies, targets, and work plans before submitting them to the Board of Directors for approval — ensuring that operations remain aligned with corporate strategy and relevant international standards.
Roles and Responsibilities
| Climate Governance Structure | Department / Body | Roles and Responsibilities |
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| Operational Level | Head Office | |
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Incentives for Climate-Related Management
AOT has integrated energy and climate change considerations into its performance evaluation and incentive systems to promote accountability and engagement among executives and employees at all levels. The incentive mechanisms are structured across 3 levels – executive leadership, management, and operational – linked to the achievement of organizational targets and performance outcomes in energy management and greenhouse gas emission reductions, as follows:
| President & CEO | Achievement of energy and climate change targets set out in AOT's State Enterprise Development Plan FY2023–2027 (Revised Edition, FY2025), incorporated as part of performance-based compensation evaluation |
| Senior Executives | Achievement of Eco-Efficiency measurement and performance evaluation targets, incorporated as part of performance-based compensation evaluation |
| Operational Staff | Awards for winners of the Innolution Creative Ideas Competition |
Strategy
AOT has established 4 key approaches to energy and climate change management, as follows:
| ⚡ Energy Index | 🌍 Airport Carbon Accreditation (ACA) | 🤝 Collaboration with International Organizations | 🎯 Incentives for Climate-Related Management |
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| AOT conducts annual energy audits and eco-efficiency performance assessments, covering its Head Office and all six airports under its operation. These assessments are based on data compiled from airport energy usage reports (Energy Reports), benchmarked against AOT’s revenue to evaluate energy performance in relation to economic output. In addition to collecting energy consumption statistics, AOT also conducts ongoing studies to identify new opportunities for reducing energy use. A dedicated budget has been allocated to support the implementation of these initiatives. |
AOT operates the Airport Carbon Accreditation (ACA) program to monitor greenhouse gas emissions across its 6 airports. Of these, 5 airports have achieved Level 3 - Third Party Engagement in Carbon Footprint Reduction,and 1 airport has achieved Level 2 - Carbon Management Towards a Reduced Carbon Footprint, demonstrating data collection and greenhouse gas emission reduction efforts throughout the supply chain. All AOT airports have developed and are operating in accordance with a Carbon Management Plan. |
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AOT has established an incentive structure for its employees to enhance motivation in implementing energy and climate-related initiatives. The incentives are categorized into three levels:
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Energy and Climate Risk Management Approach
AOT has established an approach to energy and climate change risk management in accordance with the Risk Management Manual for Fiscal Year 2024, integrated into AOT’s business operations throughout the supply chain. This encompasses climate scenario analysis, Risk & Opportunity Assessment, and Physical Climate Risk Adaptation.
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3.1 Climate-Related Scenario Analysis
AOT conducts climate-related scenario analysis to forecast situations in which the global average temperature rises above, below, or equal to 2°C, covering both Physical and Transition perspectives.
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3.2 Financial Risk & Opportunities of Climate Change
AOT identifies short-, medium-, and long-term climate change risks across its value chain, covering current and emerging regulations, technology, legal, market, reputational, and physical risks - both acute and chronic. AOT also identifies business opportunities arising from climate change, referencing Singapore's Internal Carbon Price.
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3.3 Climate Risk Adaptation
AOT has established a Business Continuity Plan (BCP) to guide responses to natural disasters resulting from climate change. The plan is certified under ISO 22301:2019 within the scope of Business Continuity Management of Airport Services, covering the head office and all 6 airports, with a 3-year certification period spanning FY2022–2025. The adaptation framework also covers AOT's future operational sites.
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Energy-Efficient Buildings with LEED Gold Certification
AOT is undertaking the construction of its Second Head Office Building and the Airport Academy Office Building, with a strong emphasis on energy-efficient building design and construction. Key features include natural lighting, appropriate ventilation, rainwater management systems, the use of environmentally friendly materials, and the creation of surrounding green spaces — all aimed at enhancing the quality of life for building occupants and supporting the principles of sustainable development. Both buildings have been designed in accordance with the LEED for Building Design and Construction (LEED BD+C) criteria, an internationally recognized green building standard established by the U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC) for new construction and major renovation projects.
Metrics & Targets
AOT has established targets and key performance indicators for energy and climate change management to serve as a framework for systematic performance monitoring and progress evaluation. These targets encompass both the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions from operations (Scope 1 and Scope 2) and the enhancement of carbon dioxide absorption capacity.
Targets are set with reference to an appropriate base year and are monitored on a regular basis. Assessment results are presented to the Sustainability Development Sub-Committee for consideration, to inform the review of targets and measures in alignment with the business context and relevant international standards.
🌿 Climate Change Targets
| Strategic Objective Indicators | Unit | Annual Targets | ||||
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| 2024 | 2025 | 2026 | 2027 | 2028 | ||
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Reduction of greenhouse gas emissions (Scope 1 and 2)
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tCO₂e per passenger | Base Year | 5% | 10% | 15% | 20% |
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Increase carbon dioxide absorption by 20% from the base year (2024) by 2028
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tCO₂e | Base Year | 5% | 10% | 15% | 20% |
Airport Carbon Accreditation (ACA)
Airports of Thailand (AOT) utilizes the Airport Carbon Accreditation (ACA) framework as a key instrument for the systematic management and reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from airport operations. This framework facilitates the definition of scope for measurement, monitoring, and the continuous implementation of carbon reduction measures in alignment with increasing accreditation levels. The ACA program comprises seven levels of certification, each presenting a progressively greater challenge. To achieve higher accreditation, airports must demonstrably elevate their greenhouse gas management capabilities as follows:
EMISSIONS
CREDITS
ZERO
Scope 1,2
MGMT
REMOVALS
Participation and advancement within the Airport Carbon Accreditation (ACA) program serves as a pivotal mechanism supporting AOT’s progress toward its Carbon Neutrality and Net Zero Emissions goals. It further elevates the role of Thai airports as climate-responsible aviation infrastructure on both regional and global scales. Currently, Suvarnabhumi (BKK), Don Mueang (DMK), Chiang Mai (CNX), Mae Fah Luang – Chiang Rai (CEI), and Hat Yai (HDY) airports have achieved Level 3: Third Party Engagement in Carbon Footprint Reduction. Meanwhile, Phuket (HKT) airport is accredited at Level 2: Carbon management towards a reduced carbon footprint.
Performance
Establishment of Internal Carbon Pricing for Assessing Financial Impacts of Transition Risk: Climate Regulation (Carbon Tax)
AOT has implemented Internal Carbon Pricing (ICP) as a strategic tool to assess the financial impact of climate transition risks, particularly future carbon regulations. The adoption of ICP aligns with national mandates to reduce GHG emissions under the Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC) framework, which may eventually lead to the enforcement of a carbon tax in Thailand.
AOT’s internal carbon price is benchmarked against the Singapore carbon tax—the first of its kind in Southeast Asia. This rate is set at 5 Singapore Dollars per tonne of carbon dioxide equivalent (5 SGD/tCO2e), or approximately 115 Thai Baht per tonne (115 THB/tCO2e). By integrating this carbon price into its operations, AOT can systematically evaluate the financial implications of its projects within the context of a low-carbon economy transition, thereby supporting risk management and long-term strategic planning.
Sustainable Revenue
AOT generates revenue from activities classified as Sustainable Revenue, derived from its core business in airport infrastructure and services that contribute to climate change mitigation. Such revenue arises from the development and provision of low-carbon airport infrastructure, including systems that supply electricity and pre-conditioned air to aircraft during parking, thereby reducing reliance on fossil fuel-based energy.
In addition, the Company generates revenue from air transport ground handling operations and the development of infrastructure to support the use of electric vehicles within airport premises. These activities contribute to the reduction of direct greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from operations. They have been assessed as aligned with the EU Taxonomy in terms of making a substantial contribution to climate change mitigation, while adhering to the Do No Significant Harm (DNSH) principle with respect to environmental and social impacts.
Revenue from these activities reflects AOT’s strategic direction in integrating climate objectives with long-term economic value creation.
Energy Management Initiatives
AOT has continuously implemented energy management initiatives across its operations, encompassing building efficiency enhancements, facility systems, and airport operations. These measures are systematically identified through energy consumption analysis and the assessment of energy-saving opportunities. The initiatives aim to support greenhouse gas emissions reduction while enhancing long-term operational efficiency and sustainability performance.
ICT as a Low-Carbon Enabler
In response to the evolving global technological landscape, Airports of Thailand Public Company Limited (AOT) has proactively adapted its operations by promoting the adoption of environmentally friendly information and communication technologies (ICT) in a comprehensive and systematic manner. This includes initiatives to reduce energy consumption and optimize the use of ICT resources without compromising service quality.
To support sustainable business growth, AOT has established the Green ICT Management Policy, which guides the selection and management of environmentally friendly information technologies across the organization.
Energy Performance
AOT has conducted energy consumption analysis as part of the preparation of its Eco-efficiency performance reporting. This analysis considered energy usage throughout the Value Chain of all 6 airports, covering both core processes and supporting processes. This resulted in the following energy management operational practices:
- Utilization of Building Automation Systems (BAS) to control air conditioning systems.
- Replacement of light bulbs inside airport terminal buildings with LED lighting systems.
- Installation of high efficiency chillers to reduce indoor heat.
- Installation of high efficiency motors for large-scale air conditioning units.
- Installation of EV Chargers in the taxi service area to facilitate and promote the use of electric vehicles.
- Installation of EV Chargers in the Airside area for vehicles used in airport operations.
- Replacement of air conditioning chillers in the airport office building with high-efficiency models. Two chillers were replaced to increase energy efficiency and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
- Planning and managing the switching on/off of lighting and air conditioning systems within the passenger terminal to align with operational periods and passenger volumes.
- Replacement of lighting fixtures in the Taxiway, Apron, Passenger Terminal, and Office Building areas from Halogen bulbs to LED bulbs.
- Lighting Control System: Utilized a central control system to turn off lights in the domestic passenger hall between 23:30 and 04:00 Hours.
- LED Conversion: Replaced lighting systems in the parking lot, runway, and airfield lighting systems with LED bulbs.
- Chiller System: Upgraded the chiller system within the International Passenger Terminal.
- Assessment: Measured and evaluated electricity usage by operational category to monitor and improve energy reduction measures.
- Runway/Taxiway: Installed LED bulbs along the Taxiway and Runway areas.
- Aircraft Stands: Converted lighting at aircraft parking stands from halogen bulbs to LED bulbs.
- Management: Planned and managed the turning on/off of terminal lighting to align with operational periods and passenger volumes.
- Aviation Lighting: Replaced Approach Lights (from halogen) and Flashing Lights (from incandescent), as well as interior terminal lighting, with LED bulbs.
- Edge Lighting: Converted lighting in the parking lot, runway edge lights, and taxiway edge lights from halogen to LED.
EV Charging station
AOT, in collaboration with Airports Energy Absolute Company Limited, has implemented an integrated approach to enhance electricity efficiency through the installation of EV charging stations within airport premises. The installation plan covers Suvarnabhumi Airport, Phuket International Airport, and AOT Head Office. In addition, the “EV Anywhere” application has been developed to facilitate convenient access for users.
Energy Conservation Behavioral Initiative
World Ozone Day 2025
“From Science to Global Action”
16 September 2025 | World Ozone Day
Car Free Day
22 กันยายน 2568
A day to raise awareness about the impacts of ozone layer depletion and to encourage actions that help protect the ozone layer.
Simple Ways to Protect the Ozone Layer
- Avoid using sprays and products containing CFCs
- Reduce the use of foam and single-use plastics
- Use public transportation or clean energy vehicles
- Plant trees and increase green spaces
- Separate recyclable waste and avoid open burning
- Choose electrical appliances that use ozone-friendly refrigerants
Let’s reduce our reliance on private cars.
Walk, cycle, or use public transportation instead.
Promote environmentally friendly travel choices
and work together to create positive change
for a more livable city.
Climate Action Highlights
Thailand’s First Model Green Airport
AOT is committed to advancing Suvarnabhumi Airport as Thailand’s first Green Airport, serving as a model for environmentally friendly airport development. This is achieved through continuous environmental and energy management initiatives. The SAT-1 terminal has been designed as a sustainable building, incorporating Solar Rooftop and Solar Floating systems.
In addition, the SAT-1 terminal received the Prix Versailles award as part of The World’s Most Beautiful Airports List 2024, presented by the Prix Versailles Selection Committee in collaboration with the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO).
Solar cell installation
AOT has established a strategic approach to increase the share of renewable energy through the installation of solar photovoltaic (PV) systems, including Solar Rooftop and Solar Floating, within airport premises. The initiative maximizes the efficient use of available spaces while aligning with the continuous 24-hour energy demand of airport operations. This project represents a key structural measure to reduce reliance on fossil fuel-based energy and supports the organization’s long-term greenhouse gas emissions reduction targets.
In this regard, AOT has implemented clean energy initiatives through solar PV installations at Suvarnabhumi Airport, carried out in two phases comprising Solar Rooftop and Solar Floating systems across seven locations within the airport. The total installed capacity is 37.819 MW, utilizing 63,964 monocrystalline solar panels.
The installation areas include building rooftops, parking areas, and airport water reservoirs. Based on the assessment, AOT has been able to reduce electricity costs associated with natural gas-based power generation through continuous on-site solar power production.
Suvarnabhumi Airport is the first airport to adopt renewable energy, installing solar photovoltaic (PV) panels to convert sunlight into electricity for on-site use.
Phase 1 involved installation on passenger terminal rooftops with a total capacity of 11.174 MW.
In Phase 2 at Suvarnabhumi Airport, additional installations will increase capacity by 33.41 MW.
The project expands to floating solar systems, resulting in a total installed capacity of 26.645 MW.
Development of Voluntary GHG Emission Reduction Projects under Thailand’s T-VER Standard
AOT has implemented the “AOT Volunteer Reforestation Project in Honor of His Majesty the King on the Auspicious Occasion of His 6th Cycle Birthday Anniversary, 28 July 2024,” in collaboration with the Royal Forest Department. The initiative aims to restore forest resources, enhance biodiversity, and contribute to tangible greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reductions.
The project covers a total reforestation area of over 360 rai across two subdistricts—Prang Phle Subdistrict, Sangkhlaburi District, and Chalae Subdistrict, Thong Pha Phum District, Kanchanaburi Province. It adopts the principles of “Sustainable Forestation” and “Carbon Sequestration Calculation in Trees” in accordance with the guidelines of the Thailand Greenhouse Gas Management Organization (Public Organization) (TGO). Teak and native tree species suitable for the local terrain and climate have been selected to support long-term natural forest regeneration. The project is expected to sequester approximately 4,099 tCO₂e over a 10-year period (2025–2035).
In fiscal year 2025, AOT carried out forest maintenance and restoration activities in the second year of the project. Executives and employees from the Corporate Social Responsibility Division, in collaboration with government agencies and local communities, participated in tree care activities. In addition, a 6-meter-wide firebreak was constructed around the area to prevent and mitigate wildfire risks at the upstream forest area of Vajiralongkorn Dam, Thong Pha Phum District, Kanchanaburi Province.
The project highlights the importance of collaboration with local communities and government agencies in ensuring long-term sustainability of reforestation efforts. It also fosters environmental awareness among AOT employees through the maintenance and restoration of more than 72,000 trees across over 360 rai. Furthermore, the initiative strengthens AOT’s corporate image as an organization committed to greenhouse gas reduction and demonstrates its readiness to participate in Thailand’s Voluntary Emission Reduction Program (T-VER) for future carbon credit certification in a systematic and transparent manner.
Training Programs on Climate Change Adaptation and Energy Management
AOT continuously enhances the capacity of its personnel in energy management and climate change adaptation through training programs and knowledge-building activities aligned with the roles and responsibilities of employees at all levels.
These training programs cover key topics including energy management, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reduction, and readiness for the transition toward Carbon Neutrality and Net Zero. The knowledge gained is applied to support operational activities, project planning, and decision-making at both operational and management levels.
It is a lecture designed to enhance knowledge and understanding of energy conservation and greenhouse gas management, while preparing for climate change adaptation.
Post-training assessment results indicate that 50 AOT employees from all airports gained in-depth knowledge in energy management, greenhouse gas emission reduction, and carbon credit mechanisms, along with an enhanced understanding of pathways toward Carbon Neutrality and Net Zero GHG emissions through direct engagement with subject-matter experts. This knowledge can be effectively applied to operational practices, such as developing energy databases and evaluating carbon reduction potential at each airport. Overall, participants demonstrated an average improvement in understanding of 35–40% compared to pre-training levels, reflecting the program’s effectiveness in strengthening organizational capacity.
The program consisted of knowledge-sharing lectures and interactive workshop activities designed to raise awareness and promote efficient energy use among employees. The sessions were conducted by expert speakers from Blue Ribbon Consultant Co., Ltd. Employees showed strong interest and actively participated in discussions and workshop activities, which enhanced their understanding of responsible energy consumption and practical approaches to applying this knowledge in both their work and daily lives.
Key Performance Highlights
Energy consumption and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions performance data disclosed in the performance tables are prepared in accordance with relevant standards and guidelines, covering the operational scope of all six airports.
AOT consistently applies standardized methodologies, calculation approaches, and assumptions across each reporting cycle to ensure comparability, enabling effective tracking of trends and assessment of performance progress. The disclosure of energy and climate-related data is aligned with the GRI Standards and has been externally verified by an accredited independent assurer to ensure data accuracy and reliability.
In the event of any changes in reporting boundaries or calculation methodologies, additional explanations will be provided to maintain transparency of the disclosed information.
GHG Emissions
Airports of Thailand Public Company Limited (AOT)
Remark: The data are reported on a calendar-year basis, with 2023 designated as the base year for greenhouse gas emissions reduction analysis.
* Scope 3 GHG emissions reporting by AOT covers upstream activities, including the extraction, production, transportation, and distribution of fuels or energy purchased by the company.